bibliography draft

 1-Batman Dark Knight Rises
2- The Black Cauldron

http://www.mediaknowall.com/as_alevel/alevkeyconcepts/alevelkeycon.php?pageID=narrative

Propp
Propp's lists are easy to learn - but are they so easily applied to every narrative you come across? We live in a world of very sophisticated narratives - many of them non-linear - which deliberately defy the conventions of traditional folk tales. Can you apply Propp consistently if the hero is female? Can you substitute "science" for "magic"? Are all narratives about struggles between heroes and villains - or do we oversimplify them if we try to claim that they are? Propp's theories rely on 'good' and 'bad' characters. Have we moved beyond fairy tale thinking into a era of moral relativism — many interesting narratives spring from a conflict between two characters who are not easily identified as a protagonist and an antagonist.

http://www.mediaknowall.com/as_alevel/alevkeyconcepts/alevelkeycon.php?pageID=propp
prop took influence from Russian fairy tales 

http://www.endicott-studio.com/rdrm/rrrussian.html

more detailed examples of props theories

http://ezinearticles.com/?Propps-Fairy-Tale-Functions-and-the-Fantasy-Role-Playing-Game&id=915401

Propp is not about characters its about character functions, one character can have many of propps functions applied to them.

http://www.mitchelljameskaplan.com/blog/blog

cRITICISMS-Propp’s theory of narrative seems to be based in a male orientated environment (due to his theory actually reflecting early folk tales) and as such critics often dismiss the theory with regard to film. However, it may still be applied because the function (rather than the gender) of characters is the basis of the theory. E.g. the hero could be a woman; the reward could be a man-Critics argue that Propp’s strict order of characters and events is restrictive. We should rather apply the functions and events randomly as we meet new narratives. E.g. the hero may kill the villain earlier than Propp expects. Changing the traditional format will change the whole way the text is received. -Some critics claim there are many more character types than Propp suggests and we should feel free to identify them. E.g. the stooge in a sci-fi film, who is usually nameless and usually killed early on to suggest the power of the alien force, is a typical modern character type. -AS Level examiners have grown to HATE Todorov- because everyone learns the lists & tries to apply it to any narrative they are discussing. -It applies to Fairy Stories and to other similar narratives based around 'quests' IT DOES NOTAPPLY TO ALL NARRATIVES.

Try and work out the NARRATIVE FUNCTION of all the main characters in 'Friends' - they definitely all have one- but not as described by Propp

WHY THE THEORY IS USEFUL

It avoids treating characters as if they are individuals and reminds us they are merely constructs. Some characters are indeed there just to progress the narrative.

Research based on “Media Studies” by Stuart Price (Longman)

 http://www.adamranson.plus.com/Propp.htm

Todorov 

Scientism, as I understand it, is not part of science. It is a kind of ideology. A major point of this ideology is that science will produce values and thus indicate the way society ought to develop.-tzvetan todorov

http://www.newstatesman.com/books/2010/01/enlightenment-values-rights

http://heathenmedia.co.uk/radiostar/2011/10/31/narrative-tzvetan-todorovs-theory/ 

Barthes 

People see andinterpretate text i different ways ( this can e due to the answers people give to the enigma codes) 
http://heathenmedia.co.uk/sledgehammer/2011/10/20/narrative-%E2%80%93-roland-barthes%E2%80%99-theory/ 

Action codes, Enigma codes, sematic ( descriptive of people) symbolic ( setting ) http://latymermediawanda09.blogspot.co.uk/2009/11/applying-roland-barthes-narrative.html

'The job of love interest / femme fatale is split between Marion Cotillard, as an amorous member of Bruce Wayne’s management board, and Hathaway’s Selina,'

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/reviews/article-2176260/The-Dark-Knight-Rises-review-A-pretentious-mess--Batman-escape-disaster.html

'There's nothing out there for me,'-Bruce Wayne cynical protagonist? 

“The Lord of the Rings” saga, putting forth a similar tale of fragile heroism, a path of doom spotlighting multiple characters, and an all-powerful object used to control the world.
http://www.brianorndorf.com/2010/09/dvd-review-the-black-cauldron-25th-anniversary-special-edition.html Intertextuality -But some of the visuals look familiar, particularly Taran's magic sword, which seem borrowed from the laser swords in "Star Wars," and the final apocalyptic conclusion, where the special effects fireworks look like the end of "Raiders of the Lost Ark". The movie uses this borrowed material with such energy,  http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-black-cauldron-1985

http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9dFS3F0xNwMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Narrative+Theory&hl=en&sa=X&ei=q0pmUsLFG4WBhAeJ14CYBg&ved=0CEcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Narrative%20Theory&f=false



narrative follows a three-part structure consisting of a beginning, a middle, and an ending; an opening state is disrupted in the middle of the narrative, and that disruption leads to a reestablishment of order in the ending. At its core, narrative maps the different ways we have learned to make sense of our place in history and the world, as well as how to communicate with others. (The film experience  

The black cauldron
http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Characters/TheBlackCauldron
http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/TomboyPrincess